Before I get into studying for my next test, there is something that I have to review when it comes to English Grammar. I have consistently gotten word formation incorrect because I forget what is what, so I will review that here so I won't forget.
Affixation
Not to be confused with choking (asphyxiation), affix is a common way for forming words by adding on a derivational affix. bake > baker
Compounding
This is when you join two or more words to make a new word. skate + board = skateboard (a board like object on which one skates)
Zero Derivation
No change is made to the word. It just changes in context. Buy a comb(noun) from the store to comb(verb) your hair.
Stress Shift
No change is made to the word but when pronouncing it, stress a different syllable. The doctor was able to successfully implant (unstressed/stressed) new hair implants (stressed/unstressed)
Clipping
Shortening of a long word (not to be confused with backformation). Mathematics > Math
Acronym Formation
Making of a word using the initials of what it represents. NASA . National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Blending
Parts of two words are used to make a new word. Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch
Backformation
This is the opposite of Affixation. Instead of adding affixes, you take them away to form a new word. This is different from Clipping in that clipping deals with taking away syllables which probably don't have an actual phonological purpose. Backformation takes away affixes with phonological purpose like removing "ham" from "hamburger".
Branding
The result of powerful marketing, this is when a commercial business brand name becomes popular enough to stand in for the object it represents. Facial Tissue > Kleenex
Onomatopoeia
When a word is created to emulate a sound. "Hiss" "Buzz"
Borrowing
More like taking a word from another language. Sushi Taboo Chic
I got these wrong for the most part on my first exam. Oh well, try again!
No comments:
Post a Comment